2 large Honeycrisp, Gala, or Granny Smith apples, peeled, cored and diced into ½-inch pieces
½ cup dark brown sugar
¼ tsp. fine sea salt
For the Cake:
1 stick unsalted butter, at room temperature, plus more for the pan
1-⅓ cup dark brown sugar
3 large eggs
1-½ tsp. vanilla extract
1-⅔ cup all-purpose flour
¾ tsp. baking powder
½ tsp. fine sea salt
½ tsp. ground cinnamon
¼ tsp. nutmeg
For the Caramel Frosting:
1-½ sticks unsalted butter, temperature
3 cups confectioners' sugar, sifted
7 ounces unwrapped soft caramel candies
2 tbsp. heavy cream
1-½ tsp. vanilla extract
Flaky sea salt, as needed, for finishing
Instructions
To prepare the apples:
In a 10-inch sauté pan, over medium heat, melt the butter.
Add the apples, brown sugar and salt; cook, stirring occasionally, until the sugar dissolves and the apples soften slightly; 4 to 5 minutes; let cool to room temperature.
Pre-heat the oven to 350°F.
Grease a 10-inch oven-proof skillet with butter.
To prepare the cake:
In the bowl of an electric mixer fitted with the paddle attachment, cream the butter and brown sugar until light and fluffy: 4 to 5 minutes.
Add the eggs, one at a time, beating well after each addition; mix to combine.
Scrape the bowl well; beat in the vanilla.
In a medium bowl, whisk the flour, baking powder, salt, cinnamon and nutmeg to combine.
Add the flour mixture to the electric mixer bowl and mix just until incorporated; scrape the bowl well.
With a rubber spatula, gently fold the apple mixture, including all of the caramel-like liquid in the pan, into the batter; mix just until incorporated.
Pour the batter into the prepared skillet and spread into an even layer.
Place in the pre-heated oven and bake until the surface is evenly golden brown and appears set; 30 to 35 minutes.; a toothpick inserted into the center should have a few moist crumbs clinging to it.
Remove from oven and allow to cool completely.
To prepare the frosting:
In the bowl of an electric mixer, fitted with the paddle attachment, cream the butter and confectioners' sugar until light and fluffy; 4 to 5 minutes.
Place the caramels in a microwave-safe container.
Microwave in 20-second bursts, stirring, until the caramel is warm and fluid; this mixture will cool quickly, so be sure to do it just before you mix the frosting.
Add the warm, not hot, caramel mixture and mix on medium speed until incorporated.; scrape the bowl well.
Add the cream and vanilla; mix to combine.
The frosting should be smooth and very soft.
To assemble the apple skillet:
Scoop the frosting onto the cooled cake; spread into an even layer.
Garnish with flaky salt just before serving.
Notes
The cake can be made up to 2 days ahead; leftovers can be stored at room temperature for up to 5 days.